Oil: A Slippery Slope Ahead?
Dr. James Schlesinger says the U.S. attitude towards oil “has only two modes – complacency and panic.”
Schlesinger should know. In the 70’s he closely watched the Middle East as the U.S. Secretary of Defense. Then he would move on to become the first U.S. Secretary of Energy when oil prices were really starting to move up during the Carter Administration.
He was in the thick of the oil panic of the 70’s, and he was there, holding numerous seats on oil companies’ boards of directors, during two decades of complacency.
Oil is hovering around $50 a barrel and we’re at the middle of the road. No trader is willing to take a big bet either way for the short-term, OPEC has brought out the dogs and ponies, and oil stocks appear to have hit a temporary bottom.
Still a lot of questions hang over any near-term rebound in oil prices like, how long will the recession last? How high is U.S. unemployment going to rise? How deep an impact will a major production cut from the Detroit’s Big Three have? How big will the coming U.S. stimulus package be? How hard of a hit will China’s economy, which we discussed the other day is perfectly built for booms, take from the global recession?
All of the economic uncertainty has sparked a new era of complacency in the oil industry. If you look at history, the best time to buy oil stocks is during periods of complacency.
So, as I’m sure many of you are wondering, is now a time to buy oil stocks?
To find the answer, we have to figure out how bad the oil price drop has hit the oil industry, how OPEC could actually send oil prices even lower (yes, it could happen), the short-term impact of the oil bubble, and how long complacency will last.
Drastic Times and Drastic Measures
The drop in oil prices has taken many by surprise. Most now realize the bubble has burst. It’s been sudden and drastic and oil companies are responding with sudden and drastic measures.
The most widely noted impact is the elimination of new projects. Every oil bull will cite this as a huge problem facing the oil industry down the road.
Frankly, they’re right. However, it’s going to be a very, very long road.
If the oil downturn was just going to be a few months, oil companies would just slow down or temporarily halt production where they could. However, they are bracing for a much longer period of $50 or lower oil prices. Dozens of new projects have already been shelved, and with each passing week, more and more oil projects are added to the list.
That’s not what really has me concerned though. While some oil companies are taking their medicine now and shelving projects (which needs to be done), others are still pumping away in desperate hopes of a near-term rebound forcing them to take more drastic measures.
Last week, private oil trading firms and oil producers including Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE: RDS.A) announced it is renting oil supertankers to hold excess supply of oil. They are booking multiple supertankers to store millions of barrels of oil.
Mike Rothman, of New York consulting firm ISI, said:
The Gulf is crammed with supertankers chartered by oil-producing governments to hold the inventories of oil they are pumping but cannot sell.
Iran is also getting in on the action, and at last report, Iran had leased 10 oil tankers to hold 20 million barrels of oil no one wanted to buy.
Renting oil tankers is a desperate move. Regrettably, desperate moves rarely pay off. In this case, the stored up oil is going to help keep a temporary cap on oil prices when the global economy shows some signs of life again. If oil prices jump, the owners of the oil will certainly start to sell off the millions of barrels of oil they’ve just been sitting on.
When Bubbles Burst
Clearly, the glut of supply we’re facing is big. And thanks to the long period of high oil prices and bubble-like mentality of oil companies, the supply glut isn’t going away anytime soon. As bubbles form, investors and companies race to capitalize on the opportunity. When oil prices started to rise, the race to make money on oil was on.
More than 500 energy focused hedge and private equity funds bought oil. At the peak, there was between $150 billion and $250 billion of speculative capital running up oil prices. They didn’t want or need oil. They just wanted to buy it and sell it at a higher price. When oil started to turn down and all of this extra money was pulled out, oil prices came crashing down.
It wasn’t just the hedge funds though. All kinds of investors and oil companies who joined the oil race were aggressively funding new projects. New project spending was rising steadily for years. Total capital expenditure rose to $160 billion in 2005, $200 billion in 2006, and surpassed $250 billion in 2007.
Not all of this money was squandered. It was spent on new oil wells, developing new technologies, exploring for more oil reserves, and the purchase of equipment to produce more oil.
The capital equipment hasn’t vanished. In most cases, it’ll be simply standing at the ready for oil prices to recover. It’s like a giant spigot just waiting to be turned back on. If and when oil prices rise, many of these projects will be turned back on, supply will increase quickly, and oil prices will be held down.
When bubbles burst, a glut of capacity is usually left to show for it, and it usually takes a while to work through it. Just take a look at how long it will take to sell thousands of Miami condos or the decade it took for demand for fiber-optic cables to pick up again. The current oil supply glut could take just as long. If you think that OPEC is going to be able to keep oil prices propped up, then think again.
OPEC Could Send Oil Prices Spiraling Even Lower
OPEC slashed oil production by one million barrels a day a few weeks ago. Over the weekend, a strategic OPEC meeting failed to produce any material cut, and the market is already expecting a one and a half million barrel per day cut from OPEC in a couple of weeks. Through it all, oil prices continued to slide and we’ve seen how truly weak OPEC is.
Here’s the thing about OPEC, its members may actually send oil prices tumbling further. As we analyzed in "The Future of Oil" a few weeks ago, National Oil Companies [NOC] now dominate the world’s oil market. They control 80% of the world’s reserves and their profits are used to fund social programs. The revenue from NOCs is drastically reduced with oil at $50 a barrel, and most countries still haven’t adjusted their spending for lower oil prices. Venezuela’s budget for 2009 was made with an average oil price of $95. Russia’s government will be running a deficit if oil doesn’t average $70 a barrel next year.
Falling oil prices puts these countries into a bind. If they cut production sharply enough to keep oil prices up, per barrel of revenue will increase, but total revenue will be lower. Basically, if you sell 100 barrels of oil at $50, you make $5,000, and if you sell 50 barrels at $80, you only walk away with $4,000.
The numbers are a bit oversimplified, but you get the picture. Many countries will be facing big problems if oil falls further or if they cut production enough to keep oil prices propped up. When hard times hit, OPEC members look at what’s best for themselves instead of the group.
This wouldn’t be the first time this happened though. It happened in the late 90’s when oil fell to $10 a barrel. Now it looks like it’s happening all over again. OPEC recently agreed to an output quota 27.3 million barrels a day. Petrologistics, an oil industry research firm, notes OPEC countries are producing 27.8 million barrels a day.
It’s a lose/lose situation that could easily keep a few OPEC members pumping oil at or near full capacity even if oil prices fall further.
That’s why I wouldn’t pay much attention to OPEC at the moment. It’s a weak organization with no enforcement mechanism for the quotas. In the end, it looks just like OPEC is doing what it does best, making headlines instead of effectively propping up oil prices.
Two Ways to Go From Here
From here, oil prices are likely to continue to fall. Frankly, hopes for an oil recovery are still too high, and as a result, most oil stocks are still priced for a rebound, which (except for maybe a few short-lived spikes) isn’t likely to happen.
For a long time now, many of you know I’ve absolutely hated the oil sands. Any business that requires oil prices at multi-decade highs ($80 just to break even), has a 10-year or longer payback period, creates unbelievably large environmental issues, and requires multi-billion dollar outlays before the first dollar in revenue is received, makes about as much sense as ethanol. However, oil sands stocks are good for one thing, as they can tell us how much hope is still around for a rebound in oil prices.
Companies which own large oil sands projects like Suncor (NYSE:SU) and Canadian Oil Sands Trust (COSWF.PK) have watched as their shares are clobbered. Still, I find the best indicator of how much hope for a turnaround is left in the markets is probably Oilsands Quest (AMEX:BQI).
Oilsands Quest is a pure-play on oil sands. So with oil at $50 a barrel (and not much possibility of oil prices rising above $80 – where it would be able to break even), it’s pretty much worthless. At the moment, Oilsands Quest has a market cap of $250 million. And if we were truly in a period of complacency, it wouldn’t be worth more than $50 million (and that’s being generous).
In the end, we can’t ignore what other commodity bubbles bursting have shown us. If every other commodity is going back to 2002 price levels and mining stocks are going with them, there’s no reason not to expect oil and oil stocks to do the same.
My money is still on the sidelines waiting for a further drop in oil prices, as I just can’t think of many good reasons to buy oil stocks right now. Massive stockpiles are building up, and the oil production projects made during the oil bubble are still in place. Oil demand continues to drop as, for the first time in decades, Japan, Europe, and North America will all be in a recession at the same time.
The only real reason to go “all in” on oil stocks now is if you expect a sudden rebound in the global economy or expect Wall Street to take the long-term view. I wouldn’t bet on either happening anytime soon. Be sure to stay current with the Prosperity Dispatch, our free e-letter, for more investment tips and analysis.
The window to invest in oil stocks should be open for at least a year. For me, there are just too many expectations for an oil recovery that are just too high, and when it comes to investing, great expectations usually lead to great disappointments.
There will be some amazing opportunities in oil over the next year, but for now, it’s best to keep plenty of cash on hand and wait for them to fall even further. As oil prices slide down a slippery slope, it’s a buyer’s market and we don’t have to chase anything.
Disclosure: None
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This article has 45 comments:
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Pipo
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266 Comments
My Website
Dec 02 11:43 AMOil sentiment is still very bearish on the pits.
oiltradersblog.blogspo.../
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Larry House
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245 Comments
Dec 02 12:05 PM-
Titoman
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1 Comment
Dec 02 12:08 PM-
Phiota
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7 Comments
Dec 02 12:11 PMJohn
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jayjayjay1212
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8 Comments
Dec 02 12:52 PMAlso, very interesting about the renting of tankers to store unbought oil. I did not know that at all, and shows how weak demand really is!
Where I strongly disagree and where I find you lack adequate research is for your Oil Sands argument. Let's set something clear... Cash costs for Oil Sands ARE NOT 80$ per barrel. You mention Canadian Oil Sands Trust. Had you read their quarterly report (biz.yahoo.com/cnw/0810...) you would see their cash costs per barrel are at 35$ and funding for their investment projects are 10$ per barrel, meaning they are profitable and self-sufficient at 45$ a barrel (more or less). Suncor and other oil sands companies also have cash costs in the low 30s. Low natural gas prices and weaker demand for oil workers will actually make that cost go down.
Oil sands in Canada are often misunderstood. Some 'unconventional projects' indeed might have marginal costs of 80$ a barrel, but these have already been shelved. Most active fields actually have quite low cash costs, so the barrel would still need to come down a lot in order to cause important losses.
Whether the barrel will go as low as 30-35$ is another question to ask, and of course I do not have the answer... But I guess if speculating sent the barrel to 147, speculating can equally send it to 30. Just by listening to the trader sentiment (on Fast Money) on oil, it is insanely bearish.
Anyways the market is setting itself up for a supply squeeze in 5 years that will send oil prices back up again.
Conclusion: Neutral/Bearish short term and Bullish long term
Disclaimer: I own Suncor shares
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Chris B
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501 Comments
Dec 02 12:52 PMThis is actually horrible for us, as conservation and alternative energy will be soon forgotten as we buy millions more, now govt-subsidized, Chevy Tahoes and Dodge Ram V8's, thus setting ourselves up for the next oil recession.
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annyone
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8 Comments
Dec 02 01:02 PM50% reduction in consumption WOW!!
most dire state reduction in oil consumtion worldwide is still less that 10% but for argument sake even with 10% reduction at $80 revenue would still be 90*80=7200
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enviro111
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31 Comments
Dec 02 02:33 PMClearly, then NO ONE factored in DEMAND! WOW!!!
Now the price is down, and the 'experts' are forecasting even greater loss of demand and gigantic increases in supply. What a crock! The loss of demand was about 2 million bbls per day. With gasoline back to $1.50/gal all of this demand will soon be back. Meanwhile supply is still declining due to depletion and few, if any, new supply is coming to market next year. We will soon be bumping back up against a peak oil supply of about 86 million bbls per day. If this goes on long enough, the world peak of 86 million bbls per day will NEVER be acheived again due to massive depletion of major oil fields.
Clearly, NO ONE is factoring LOSS of Supply into their equation! WOW!!
As for OPEC - history isn't going to repeat. This time around they will CUT and force the price back up, perhaps not instantly, but within six months to a year. Here are some good reasons why this will be the case.
1. OPEC has a larger marketshare than it did 25 years ago. The world is more dependent on them than ever before.
2. China and India are new customers than didn't exist 25 years ago to any great extent.
3. The Russian economy collapsed faster in the late 1980's than its oil production. This allowed for greater exports. Now both the Russian economy and oil production are falling due to depletion. This could still be a factor, but not the BIG factor it was 20 years ago.
4. The North Sea was new and a high producer then. It is now almost gone. If OPEC cuts, it cannot make up the difference.
5. Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico were new and high producers. These are now almost gone. If OPEC cuts, they cannot make up the difference.
6. The 1973-74, the 1979-80 and the 1991 oil price spikes were ALL political events and mostly War related. The 2005-2007 price spike was NOT War related. Iraq's oil production remained around 2.5 million bbls per day throughout the period. It fell briefly in 2003 at the start of the War, but was restored. The cause of the 2005-07 price spike was geological depletion - production could not be increased fast enough to keep up with demand.
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PrudentMan, CFA
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143 Comments
Dec 02 02:34 PM-
Socialism cannot compete!
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458 Comments
Dec 02 02:54 PM1) Oil IS headed higher. You think recession is the major factor? All it will take is one geo-political event in the right location.
2) Tax policy -- Are you sure the oil majors are holding off on development projects because of the temporary slack in oil demand? That won't last. How about looking at the more relevant factors: Dems have total Federal control, despise Big Oil and want huge windfall taxes imposed, and are planning tax breaks for alternate energy spends along with cuts to tax credits for oil producers! There's your real story.
3) Infrastructure spending stimulus -- why build out roads if driving (vs. mass transit) is evil?
You want the answers?
1) Obama & Dem foreign policy is a joke - go ahead, sit down with the likes of Chavez & Ahmadinejad. Appeasement didn't work with Hitler either. Iran will attempt to annihilate Israel (not my theory -- Ahm. stated this goal publicly more than once). Obama's lack of real action against Iranian nuclear progress will embolden Iran, and the Middle East will erupt. Watch crude prices skyrocket.
2) The answer is mandating fuel efficiency standards, not giving tax credits on a per-type basis for certain energy sources -- their economic viability must stand on its own, but we must become more efficient at the usage side of the equation. Oil corporations should not be subject to windfall taxes -- they already pay "mineral extraction" taxes above and beyond the regular corporate taxes. Let's not kill the economic viability of these companies, which provide many thousands of good jobs!! Look at how so many in the industry are relocating HQs abroad to obtain lower corporate tax rates...HAL & RIG are just two examples that come to mind in the Oil Service industry.
3) The government should be building roads when and where they are needed...not as a "stimulus", but based on need. And I hope the liberals are not conflicted to see the "Messiah" touting the building of roads, given their hatred of those who drive rather than take buses and trains to everywhere, despite the fact that they don't cover half the needed destinations, are not always conveniently timed, and have in many places become a risk to one's safety! Most people don't want to be told what size vehicle to drive...or whether to drive vs. ride public transport! This looks like a win for personal choice.
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jepittman
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235 Comments
Dec 02 03:04 PM-
Socialism cannot compete!
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458 Comments
Dec 02 03:13 PM> Oil companies are heavy borrowers and depend on healthy credit markets
> to finance drilling projects. Hence, that is why new drilling has
> ceased for numerous projects.
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Chris B
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501 Comments
Dec 02 03:36 PMOK, then what's your plan to prevent us from having periodic oil recessions? To prevent sending trillions of dollars to our good friends in Venezuela, Iran, Russia, and that theocratic dictatorship Saudi Arabia? To prevent our oil money from paying for terrorism, Russian militarism, or Venezuelan/Cuban communism? To reduce our largely oil-based trade deficit? To insulate our totally vulnerable economy from the whims of Iran, Venezuela, and Russia?
What options do you suggest? Military conquest of the middle east at a cost of millions of lives? Would you die for oil?
Are you one of those people who thinks infinite oil lies under Daytona beach or Yellowstone park?
Are you suggesting the status quo? It looks like the status quo is an economy dependent on oil that is sure to result in poverty and war.
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Marcus Aurelius
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41 Comments
My Website
Dec 02 03:48 PMIt has long been known Iran has been stockpiling crude oil (albeit mostly sour crude and in a time of historically high prices) for some time, I recall seeing such talk at this site and others. What is new now, is others are starting to do that in a more rational strategy to capture higher market prices (in a period of relatively low prices). However, that will probably slightly raise prices and then cause them to fall further when the tankers start to race each other to offloading points.
Right now, the sour economic mood is driving the oil market. Any OPEC cut to be announced is most likely already factored into pricing, and looking at the latest chart from the USEIA I see oil stocks are pushing the upper end of the average range, if you look, despite the rapidly dropping oil prices we see a large uptick in stocks. If the economy was humming that chart would look a lot different.
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Tesa
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29 Comments
Dec 02 04:01 PM-
jesterboomer
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6 Comments
Dec 02 04:05 PMA small shortfall in supply can trigger a significant increase in $/bbl. I suspect OPEC is lying low because they do not want to be blamed for the recession and would be happy to see some of the hysteria over alternate energy dissipate.
Once the global economy starts upward again, oil will start back up as well.
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Tesa
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29 Comments
Dec 02 04:07 PM-
GeminiAtlas
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19 Comments
Dec 02 04:16 PM"enlightened government" ha, that's a good one. If they were enlightened, they would probably gradually raise taxes at the pump, let's say over the next ten to twenty years. They should get rid of the MPG standards and let the market do its thing (people would want fuel-efficient cars to pay less tax). With increased tax revenues coming in from the pump, they can use some of that to invest in alternative energy R&D and other mass infrastructure. Also, higher gasoline taxes would accelerate private investment in alternatives as these would become more viable economically. But then again, those tax dollars would quickly be "reallocated"... to other stuff that congress deems so-very-important.
In any case, what the article didn't factor in was the US dollar. Currenly our enlightened government is running the presses as fast as they can. What are barrels of oil denominated in? Federal Reserve Notes aka dollars, cash-money, etc. There is some deflation now, but with all these dollars being pumped into the system, we could see an inflation spike in the not too distant future. WIth that oil will go through the roof.
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dogsofmyhead
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8 Comments
My Website
Dec 02 05:27 PM-
R0B50
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8 Comments
Dec 02 08:15 PMYou made up numbers anytime it suited you.
Just 2 examples:
Chavez has oil budgeted at $95...False...$80 was the figure from many differrent sources for months now.
Oilsands need $80 for breakeven...False...Un... the huge run up in prices that caused a shortage of labor and equipment oilsands breakeven was %$40-50 a barrel.
Much like most things on SeekingAlppha you artice is written to serve your already decided conclusion, not an independant analysis.
Between that and the perma bear this site loves to publish it is a wonder you guys haven't all committed mass suicide yet.
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sickofthehype
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228 Comments
Dec 02 08:43 PMInflation is about to come unleashed in 2009, and the USD will be devalued big time. Think oil will stay at $50 then?
Disclaimer: I hate 'analysts' and 'experts' and I own a recently purchased boatload of Suncor.
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Anthony Alfidi
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108 Comments
My Website
Dec 02 09:54 PMWarren Buffett's stake in ConocoPhillips provides clarity here. He bought something he thinks will generate predictable earnings for a long time.
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lee99
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13 Comments
Dec 02 10:20 PM-
cameltrader
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2 Comments
Dec 02 11:44 PMI agree with SCC that political risk has been too heavily discounted in oil futures and projections.
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Marcus Aurelius
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41 Comments
My Website
Dec 02 11:53 PMI too agree with you, geopolitical risk is not adequately priced into oil. I would think given a serious event in the Persian Gulf region we could see oil 2x in couple of weeks.
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cameltrader
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2 Comments
Dec 03 12:10 AMAnyway, it wouldn't take much to spark a run on the refinery. Your x2 prediction would be low if there were a serious event (or a coordinated series of events) in the Gulf and elsewhere.
On Dec 02 11:53 PM Marcus Aurelius wrote:
> Cameltrader, The book is called Red Storm Rising, Islamic terrorists
> blow up a crucial refinery in the USSR and The Bear decides war is
> the solution.
>
> I too agree with you, geopolitical risk is not adequately priced
> into oil. I would think given a serious event in the Persian Gulf
> region we could see oil 2x in couple of weeks.
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Marcus Aurelius
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41 Comments
My Website
Dec 03 12:22 AM-
Pipo
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266 Comments
My Website
Dec 03 07:00 AMjimrogers-investments..../